Somatostatin

properties
somatostatin is a 14 aminoacid oligopeptide which was originally isolated from the hypothalamus of animals and, later, found in both epithalium cells and nerve fibres throughout the to act mainly as a local transport substance, thus having a role in both the regulation of endocrine and exocrine secretions and of gastrointestinal motility. when administered at pharmacological doses, somatostatin will inhibit gastrointestinal function and motility, as well as resorption within the digestive tract. somastotastin rapidly and selectively reduces splanchnic blood flow without modifying the systemic blood pressure and heart rate. it completely inhibits gastric secretions which have an antihemostatic action.

indications
1. treatment of intestinal and pancreatic fistulae
2. symptomatic treatment of excessive secretion from endocrine tumor of the gastrointestinal tract
3. treatment of acut oesophageal haemorrhage when endoscopic sclerotherapy cannot be performed becaused of the severity of haemorrhage. somatostatin should not be administered for more than 48 hours.

overdosage
cases of nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and metabolic disorders (hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia) have been reported during administration of high doses of somatostatin.
treatment of overdosage is symptomatic. no specific antidote is know. due to the short half- life of somatostatin in the blood (2 minute), treatment discontinuation induces a rapid remission of the symptoms.
close monitoring of blood glucose level, cardiovascular parameters, renal function, and plasma electrolytes is recommended in case of somatostatin overdose.

side effects
 the following adverse reactions have been reported:
cadiac disorder : atrioventricular block, bradycardia



sifat
somatostatin adalah 14 asam amino oligopeptide yang semula diisolasi dari hipotalamus hewan dan, kemudian, ditemukan dalam sel-sel epithalium dan serat saraf sepanjang untuk bertindak terutama sebagai zat transportasi lokal, sehingga memiliki peran dalam kedua peraturan endokrin dan eksokrin sekresi dan motilitas gastrointestinal. bila diberikan pada dosis farmakologis, somatostatin akan menghambat fungsi pencernaan dan motilitas, serta resorpsi dalam saluran pencernaan. somastotastin cepat dan selektif mengurangi aliran darah splanknikus tanpa memodifikasi tekanan darah sistemik dan detak jantung. sepenuhnya menghambat sekresi lambung yang memiliki tindakan antihemostatic.
indikasi

1. Pengobatan fistula usus dan pankreas

2. pengobatan gejala sekresi berlebihan dari tumor endokrin saluran pencernaan

3. pengobatan perdarahan esofagus acut ketika sclerotherapy endoskopi tidak dapat dilakukan disebabkan belum dari keparahan perdarahan. somatostatin tidak boleh diberikan selama lebih dari 48 jam.


overdosiskasus mual, muntah, sakit perut dan gangguan metabolisme (hipoglikemia dan hyperglycemia) telah dilaporkan selama pemberian dosis tinggi somatostatin.pengobatan overdosis merupakan gejala. tidak ada penawar khusus tahu. karena paruh singkat somatostatin dalam darah (2 menit), penghentian pengobatan menginduksi remisi cepat dari gejala.pemantauan ketat kadar glukosa darah, parameter kardiovaskuler, fungsi ginjal, dan elektrolit plasma direkomendasikan dalam kasus overdosis somatostatin.
efek sampingberikut adalah reaksi yang telah dilaporkan:cadiac gangguan: blok atrioventikular, bradycardia